Doce Methodos 1 – Abecedario (Solo Baston)

[Mono]

Hi everyone, this is the first out of 12 Threads for a detailed Discussion on the Doce Methodos of the Pekiti Tirsia Kali System I am about to start.

I hope these Threads will help beginners as well as long time Instructors in their understanding of the Techniques, Conceps and Principals of the Doce Methodos.

For a start I will just put some Information about the Method and some questions you can use as a guiding Idea for your own Post and Reply – to anyone who has other Thoughts and/or Questions, I am looking forward to read them…

Lets get going…
This is the Information about the Abecedario taken from www.pt-go.com (http://www.pt-go.com):
Multiple Attacks 1-6
Abecedario – Basic Twelve (12) Attacks Form
Abecedario Completo

Is this the way you have been taught/are learning or teaching?
Do you know the Drills/Techniques/Forms above?
How do they work / Can you describe it/them?
How do you Train/Teach them?
What do you think (have you learned) is the “Essence” of this Method?
How do you Train, this Method (how often, which Drills etc.)?
How did you Learn this Method?
Who taught it to you?
What (other) Drills and Techniques do you use to Train / Teach this Method?

What else do you know or want to tell all of us about this Method?
Etc. etc. ect.

I am very much looking forward to your answers!


Some Additional Information about the Abecedario:

The Basic twelve Attacks Form is the same as the beginning of the “64-Attacks”.
(A Video of the “64-Attacks” can be found at http://www.nyackfightingarts.com/videos/videos.html it is named “Abecedario Form”)

The Targets/Techniques are:
1Horizontal Strike to the left ear
2Horizontal Strike to the right ear
3Horizontal Strike to the left Ribbs/Elbow
4Horizontal Strike to the right Ribbs/Elbow
5Thrist to the Prostate Gland/Stommach/Center
6Diagonal downward Strike to the right Collar Bone, down to the left Foot
7Strike to the left knee
8Straight/Horizontal thrust to the right lung or throat
9Thrust diagonally downward to the left side of the Neck/Lung
10Strike vertically down to the Crown of the head (holding the Weapon with both hands)
11Thrust to the Face holding the Stick on both ends
12Repeat Thrust to the Face, Stab to the Groin/Bladder w. left Hand

The Abecedario Completo consists of these 12 Basic Targets attacked by 12 different ways of holding your weapon – making a total of 144 Strikes:
1 Set of 12 Basic (#1 to #12 in the 64 attacks)
2 Set of 12 (Reverse)
3 Set of 12 (Double Force)
4 Set of 12 (Reverse Double Force)
5 Set of 12 (Reverse Grip)
6 Set of 12 (Reverse Reverse Grip)
7 Set of 12 (Punjo)
8 Set of 12 (Reverse Punjo)
9 Set of 12 (Hooking)
10 Set of 12 (Reverse Hooking)
11 Set of 12 (Bayonet)
12 Set of 12 (Reverse Bayonet)

Multiple Attacks 1-6: Sorry, I am not familiar with this Term – I might know the drill/Techniques… maybe someone else can give some Information about thisone!?

I am looking forward to any corrections and additions – and by the way, sorry for any spelling errors etc. (I am not a native speaker ;) )…


Yours,
Mono

[arnisador]

One thing I like about Dekiti Tirsia Siradas is that they too really emphasize using their 12 basic strikes in forward grip, reverse grip, two-handed grip, hooking style, punyo, etc. We have that same concept in Modern Arnis but with much less emphasis on practicing hitting each angle with every style.

Some of these strikes would also vary slightly for stick (impact) vs. sword (cutting)...is that idea built into these drills, or elsewhere?

[mosplat]

great subject.

i try to practice my abcedario every day if possible.
a strong foundation of basics makes smoother progression to higher levels.

when practicing my abcedario i am also practicing footwork.
-male and female triangles
-stepping forward and stepping backwards
-stepping left and stepping right
-box pattern

in response to the hitting and cutting question,
you can practice the abcedario with hitting strikes and slices as well.
i sometimes practice my abcedario in a slashing manner that follows up the slashes with thrusts.
(imagine a number 1 transitioning to a number 8 type of thrust.)

in response to the multiple attacks question,
i have learned a drill called multiple attacks that goes as follows:

-a number 2 strike
-rides the opponents stick downwards to strike his stick-hand
-to a stomach level hooking cut to your left
-to payong
-to a number 34 uppercut type slash
-to 3 number 2 strikes
-imagine striking a number of targets with these strikes
-like face, neck, tricep. or neck, tricep, elbow. whatever you like.
-to an ensunkete (or just sunkete? i forget)
-in any case it is a face level hook to your right (palm facing up)
-while cross-stepping backwards
-this strike targets the facial area

this flows to the next multiple attacks drill that is similar:

-a number 1 strike
-rides the opponents stick downwards to strike his stick-hand
-to a stomach level hooking cut to your right
-to a payong the other way around
-to a number 35 uppercut type slash
-to 3 number 1 strikes
-to a sunkete (or an ensunkete? i forget...)
-in any case it is a face level hook to your left (palm facing down)
-while cross-stepping backwards

i hope someone finds my post useful in some way or another..

-nate

[Mono]

great subject.

i try to practice my abcedario every day if possible.
a strong foundation of basics makes smoother progression to higher levels.

when practicing my abcedario i am also practicing footwork.
-male and female triangles
-stepping forward and stepping backwards
-stepping left and stepping right
-box pattern

in response to the hitting and cutting question,
you can practice the abcedario with hitting strikes and slices as well.
i sometimes practice my abcedario in a slashing manner that follows up the slashes with thrusts.
(imagine a number 1 transitioning to a number 8 type of thrust.)

in response to the multiple attacks question,
i have learned a drill called multiple attacks that goes as follows:

-a number 2 strike
-rides the opponents stick downwards to strike his stick-hand
-to a stomach level hooking cut to your left
-to payong
-to a number 34 uppercut type slash
-to 3 number 2 strikes
-imagine striking a number of targets with these strikes
-like face, neck, tricep. or neck, tricep, elbow. whatever you like.
-to an ensunkete (or just sunkete? i forget)
-in any case it is a face level hook to your right (palm facing up)
-while cross-stepping backwards
-this strike targets the facial area

this flows to the next multiple attacks drill that is similar:

-a number 1 strike
-rides the opponents stick downwards to strike his stick-hand
-to a stomach level hooking cut to your right
-to a payong the other way around
-to a number 35 uppercut type slash
-to 3 number 1 strikes
-to a sunkete (or an ensunkete? i forget...)
-in any case it is a face level hook to your left (palm facing down)
-while cross-stepping backwards

i hope someone finds my post useful in some way or another..

-nate

Thanks a Lot...
I will have a look at your descriptions and play around with them - if I get Stuck I will ask again :)

Hope to hear mor in all the Threads! We need posts like thisone :) :)

Thanks again!
Yours,
Mono

[SuperToe]

Ive only learned the 1 set of abecdarios!

The 2nd set is suppoed to be the reverse!

So Does that mean I do the strikes from set 1 backward?

any help on this?

[Mono]

Ive only learned the 1 set of abecdarios!

The 2nd set is suppoed to be the reverse!

So Does that mean I do the strikes from set 1 backward?

any help on this?

Reverse means you strike the Opposite Side:

1Horizontal Strike to the right ear
2Horizontal Strike to the left ear
3Horizontal Strike to the right Ribbs/Elbow
4Horizontal Strike to the left Ribbs/Elbow
5Thrust to the Prostate Gland/Plexus/Stommach/Center
6Diagonal downward Strike to the left Collar Bone, down to the right Foot
7Strike to the right knee
8Straight/Horizontal thrust to the left lung or throat
9Thrust diagonally downward to the right side of the Neck/Lung
10Strike vertically up to the Groin
11Thrust to the Balder holding the Stick on both ends
12Repeat Thrust to the Blader, Stab to the Face w. left Hand

Note: Keep the Stick in your right Hand, Reverse your Footwork!

Hope that helps...

Yours,
Mono

[SuperToe]

Thanks for that material..

Its little confusing to practice but I think ill get it!

[SuperToe]

Ive tried but Cant get a few of the last strikes...Or they dont seems right.

Any video clips?

[Mono]

Ive tried but Cant get a few of the last strikes...Or they dont seems right.

Any video clips?
Which ones?

I dont know of any web clips for that... sorry! Maybe I can give a more detailed explanation...

[SuperToe]

I dont think im getting 5, and 9-12 correct.

thanks
MP

[Danny T]

I dont think im getting 5, and 9-12 correct.

thanks
MP

Reverse set #5 Rt foot forward Squat down and do a low backhand thrust angling upward through the bladder and over your rt shoulder.

#9 is a back hand thrust to the solarplexus followed with a punyo strike if parried. Weapon will now be chambered over rt shoulder.
#10 bring weapon hand to your solarplexus while sidestepping and turning to your left. Weapon will be pointed straight toward opponent. Turn back right while driving weapon upward from groin to head stepping forward with left foot. You will now be facing toward the right. Follow up with a upward driving palm strike to opponent's jaw.
#11. Still facing right grip weapon with left hand and circle back and downward (can be a parry later) weapon will end up in front of you with a hand on either end at hips continue moving weapon forward thrusting into the groin.
#12. Still facing right circle upward and then back and downward like 11 again thrusting into groin with only the weapon hand on weapon. Left hand finger jab to eyes.

Hope this helps

Danny

[Mono]

Reverse set #5 Rt foot forward Squat down and do a low backhand thrust angling upward through the bladder and over your rt shoulder.

#9 is a back hand thrust to the solarplexus followed with a punyo strike if parried. Weapon will now be chambered over rt shoulder.
#10 bring weapon hand to your solarplexus while sidestepping and turning to your left. Weapon will be pointed straight toward opponent. Turn back right while driving weapon upward from groin to head stepping forward with left foot. You will now be facing toward the right. Follow up with a upward driving palm strike to opponent's jaw.
#11. Still facing right grip weapon with left hand and circle back and downward (can be a parry later) weapon will end up in front of you with a hand on either end at hips continue moving weapon forward thrusting into the groin.
#12. Still facing right circle upward and then back and downward like 11 again thrusting into groin with only the weapon hand on weapon. Left hand finger jab to eyes.

Hope this helps

Danny

Thanks - you were faster than me ;) !
Probably could not have done it better anyways...

Mono

[SuperToe]

heres set number 1.. enjoy

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzULemmwdeY

mp

[mosplat]

nice video.
just be aware that you're throwing the first 4 shots horizontally.

[blindside]

nice video.
just be aware that you're throwing the first 4 shots horizontally.

Are you saying that he IS throwing them horizontally, or he should be throwing them horizontally?

Lamont

[Mono]

nice video.
just be aware that you're throwing the first 4 shots horizontally.

As far as I know, they are supposed to be horizontally...
(I guess the "problem" is that lots of Schools might teach the 5-Attack/Subsystem first, then the 1-5 prbably gets mixed up with the Abecedario..., well at least I ve had that problem prior to learning and understanding more of the Progression and Methods of PTK ;) )

[SuperToe]

That is Set 1 Strike 1 to 12.

Taught to me by Tuhon Gelinas!

[Mono]

That is Set 1 Strike 1 to 12.

I know :)

[SuperToe]

have any of you, got threw all 12 sets ??

[Danny T]

Supertoe
Be aware of all your movements. 1 thru 4 should be with sidestepping and striking completely through the opponent and a with a complete streching arm "before chambering the weapon. (It is the exact same movement as though you would be striking with the punyo to the ear or ribs and the opponent ranged back to prevent the punyo strike. Your follow through would be the tip of the weapon striking the target.

#5 is to the prostate gland so you must squat down and get under the groin.

#6 is a vertical down with the dropping of the body weight to drive the weapon down through the body

7-9 look good

#10 is a whipping with the side of the weapon (witik) then an umbrella as you step around the weapon followed up with a vertical down strike with a dropping of the weight into a full squat (feet flat on the floor)

#11 double grip strike into the bridge of the nose driving 45deg downward
#12 same as 11 but single grip live hand strike driving upward into the groin at a 45deg angle striking with the base of the thumb (like a vertical gununting)

Not bad over all.

Danny

[Mono]

Supertoe
Be aware of all your movements. 1 thru 4 should be with sidestepping and striking completely through the opponent and a with a complete streching arm "before chambering the weapon. (It is the exact same movement as though you would be striking with the punyo to the ear or ribs and the opponent ranged back to prevent the punyo strike. Your follow through would be the tip of the weapon striking the target.

#5 is to the prostate gland so you must squat down and get under the groin.

#6 is a vertical down with the dropping of the body weight to drive the weapon down through the body

7-9 look good

#10 is a whipping with the side of the weapon (witik) then an umbrella as you step around the weapon followed up with a vertical down strike with a dropping of the weight into a full squat (feet flat on the floor)

#11 double grip strike into the bridge of the nose driving 45deg downward
#12 same as 11 but single grip live hand strike driving upward into the groin at a 45deg angle striking with the base of the thumb (like a vertical gununting)

Not bad over all.

Danny

Great explanation!
Thanks!

Mono

[SuperToe]

Who is your teacher In Pt Kali Danny?

Ive Only been instructed to use shift stances when striking.


But I think you're targets are little off!

I was told the double grip goes between the eyes!
and 12 was a strike to between the eyes and dagger to the groin! (I had no dagger)

Maybe Ill redo my clip!

[SuperToe]

The use of side step are more in the Mcgrath Side.

[Mono]

The use of side step are more in the Mcgrath Side.

Thats true...

And by the way - Talking about "Targets"... The "Bridge of the Nose" is located between the Eyes ;) so much to that :)

I know there used to be a Videoclip of McGrath Showing 1-12 and naming the Target; unfortunately I was unable to find it again on the web and this forum does not alow me to upload it here.

(@SuperToe: Maybe you want to upload it on your Youtube account!? I can e-mail it to you I you like (just PM me your e-mail Adress...)

Mono

[SuperToe]

Sounds good!

Mankind10@hotmail.com

I Though the Bridge of the nose was On the Nose!!

[Mono]

Sounds good!

Mankind10@hotmail.com

I Though the Bridge of the nose was On the Nose!!
And where do you have your nose??? (I am not asking where you put it ;) )Mine is between my eyes ;)Well, anyways... as far as I know (might be wrong through some translation Problem) the "Bridge of the Nose" is the uppermost Portion of the Nose where the "Os Nasale" (Nasal Bone) goes over into the "Os Frontale" (the Forehead)...Mono

[SuperToe]

Neat..Its good enough for me!!

[mosplat]

hey guys, sorry i wasn't so clear earlier.

i meant that supertoe should be aware he is throwing them horizontally.
that may be the way he's been taught;
i've been taught to throw them diagonally in the abcedario
and horizontally in another drill set.

also, in normal practice i do the form walking forward.
but also in short and other footwork patterns.

the #6 as i've been taught isn't vertically downwards,
but diagonally from the opponents right shoulder down to his left foot.

interesting..:)

[Danny T]

Who is your teacher In Pt Kali Danny?

Ive Only been instructed to use shift stances when striking.


But I think you're targets are little off!

I was told the double grip goes between the eyes!
and 12 was a strike to between the eyes and dagger to the groin! (I had no dagger)

Maybe Ill redo my clip!

I have had the honor and pleasure to train under and with several different PT people since 1989 Stephen Young, Omar Hakim, Tim Waid, Tuhon Bill McGrath, and GT Gaje. I have worked the abcedario with all of them and with but very few variations it is the same with them all. The greater percentage of my training has been with McGrath.

The #12 strike in the first set the live hand strike is the same as having a daga. With a daga in sak-sak the thrust is to behind the testicles. When doing this strike without a daga the movement and target is the same only with an open hand. One of the principles behind the movements of abcedario is they integrate through out all of the weapon categories.
single stick (sword)
doble
espada y daga
daga
spear
de mano

The targets are struck based upon vertical targets are struck horizontally, and horizontal targets are struck vertically. Any target can be struck diagonally. Thrusts are performed in a manner which drives the weapon upward or downward into the body and not straight forward. By driving into the body this way a greater portion of the body is damaged by the weapon. Also with a downward thrust a greater amount of force is drive into the body driving is down rather than back. As you learn and work the other sets as well as the de mono versions you will see how the movements and transitions integrate.

As to the #6 strike; cavicle to toe. The strike can be to either left or right toe all depending upon on which lead the opponent is in. Also the cavicle is a horizontal target therefore struck vertically. With a blade the diagonal strike works well due to the blade having the ability to slice through the body with a stick however the greater damage can be created by striking vertically through the cavicle breaking it. Striking diagonally it is possible to glance off the bone or body and not cause a great amt of damage. Therefore based upon the weapn the strikes can vary slightly.

Danny

[mosplat]

The targets are struck based upon vertical targets are struck horizontally, and horizontal targets are struck vertically. Any target can be struck diagonally. Thrusts are performed in a manner which drives the weapon upward or downward into the body and not straight forward. By driving into the body this way a greater portion of the body is damaged by the weapon. Also with a downward thrust a greater amount of force is drive into the body driving is down rather than back. As you learn and work the other sets as well as the de mono versions you will see how the movements and transitions integrate.

As to the #6 strike; cavicle to toe. The strike can be to either left or right toe all depending upon on which lead the opponent is in. Also the cavicle is a horizontal target therefore struck vertically. With a blade the diagonal strike works well due to the blade having the ability to slice through the body with a stick however the greater damage can be created by striking vertically through the cavicle breaking it. Striking diagonally it is possible to glance off the bone or body and not cause a great amt of damage. Therefore based upon the weapn the strikes can vary slightly.

Danny

this is very useful and insightful information;
thanks danny!

[SuperToe]

Very Interesting!!

Danny is Mcgrath your current teacher??

[Danny T]

Very Interesting!!

Danny is Mcgrath your current teacher??

I tend to think of Tuhon McGrath as a very good friend and mentor. He is and will for a long time continue to be an excellent guide and instructor for me. My current teacher is myself and my students. Myself because it is the getting into the gym and working the material, drilling, and sparring which teaches me. It is the passing on the material to my students which makes me have to understand deeply what are the motions and why they are used.

The following is an article I had one of my students write on the Abcedario. It is an excellent article on what one can learn within the Abcedario. Linda has been training with me for approx 6 years.
Hope you enjoy it.

Danny T





ABCEDARIO of Pekiti-Tirsia

What it teaches from my perspective






The Abcedario is the ABC’s of Pekiti-Tirsia, or it is the beginning. It is the form which consist of twelve sets of attacks, each set having twelve strikes. In doing the form you learn to utilize footwork, stick manipulation and anglization of the body. Later as the student advances they learn to take apart the system and discover much more.
The twelve sets are broken down into basic, double force, reverse grip, punyo, hooking, and bayonet. Each of these sets has forward and reverse strikes. The set of basic shows you the targets that with slight variations will be your areas of attack throughout the form. The reverse set lets you see that if you can strike from right to left, you can also strike from left to right. If a cut goes from head to groin, it can also go from groin to head. If you can drive a strike upward into the body, you can drive it downward also.
Footwork done in the form is ninety degree side stepping, one hundred eighty degree turns, and ranging (controlling the distance). In ninety degree sidestepping you learn to step and turn the body getting off line or out of the arc of the opponent’s weapon striking range while maintaining your own. In one eighty degree turns you learn to strike or counter a strike on one side or your opponent, step and turn to launch another attack on the opposite side, or you can deal with one enemy and step and turn to face another. Ranging is a moving of the feet and shifting the body out of the opponent’s strike radius and then shifting and stepping back in to deliver your own strike. Stepping is done on the balls of the feet. This allows better mobility to shift direction quickly when needed. In each strike you learn to shift angles so you can use body mechanics to deliver the most effective strike with the most power.
Targets on the body range from head to toe. Some are vertical; ears, torso, legs. Others are horizontal; clavicle, forearms and top of the head. Horizontal targets are struck vertically and vertical targets are struck horizontally. Strikes are done this way because there is less chance of the weapon sheering off and it also offers a wider selection of targets in a given area. Focusing on the ear as the target also provides you with the temple, corner of the eye and mandible if your timing is off or the distance changes. Some targets are found in the center of the body, such as the solar plexus, heart, and bladder. These are usually hit with a thrust. At times, depending on where you are in relation to your opponent and which target you are attacking some of your vertical strikes may become diagonal.
All parts of the weapon are used in the Abcedario. The tip end, the sides, the back or spine, the punyo, and the bottom end of the punyo are used in strikes and parries. For example, in the hooking set you can dig the butt end under your opponent’s shoulder blade, and then use your forearm against the other end of the weapon to leverage them away from you. The sides or your weapon can be used to parry, scoop a weapon or used to shield you from a strike.
You learn tapping, to use your free hand or live hand to check, jam, or to pass the opponent’s weapon or hand. Further along in your training you will use the free hand to deliver jabs, heel palm strikes, finger jabs, and as you advance in the system to use it to deliver strikes with an alternate weapon. As you use all parts of the weapon, you can use all parts of your arm as a weapon. The fingers for jabs, the palm for slaps, the wrist and forearm for hacks, the elbows for hits and the shoulder and head for butts.
Body weight, either yours’ or your opponent’s, can become a factor in deciding which attack would be most effective. You can use your opponent’s size against them. If they are larger than you and you have hooked, with your weapon or hand, their neck or shoulder you can use their body mass to launch yourself pass them. If they are smaller and lighter, you can push them away from you. You also your body weight to create momentum when stepping into strikes. When you step you let the weapon strike first with your body behind it. On a vertical head strike, you let the weight of your body drive the weapon downward. For an uppercut strike, you use the strength and power of your legs to drive upward. Also correct placement of your hands on the weapon provides extra speed and power, and mobility while the wrong placement can weaken your grip and lessen your power and mobility. An example of this is in the double force set. Both hands can be placed on the weapon at one time, or the free hand grips the wrist of your weapon hand. When the free hand grips the weapon hand wrist this allows freer motion of the weapon while lending speed and power to strikes. When both hands are on the weapon they are in the palm up of palm down position. While a palm up position will lend more power to an upward thrust, a palm down position will hinder a cross body strike by limiting the range of the strike.

Moving from one target to next or transitioning is based upon the manipulation of timing and distance. Which part of the weapon you are going to use for a strike is also decided by these. If you are going for a strike with the edge of the weapon and the opponent closes the distance then your strike may be made with the punyo, if the distance is too close you may choose to hook instead. If you begin your attack late and your opponent is faster then your weapon may become a shield as you change your target. This shield is called an umbrella. Am umbrella can also be an upward cut. Umbrellas are seen in each set of the abcedario, some only once or twice in others several times. You need to watch the motion of the weapon, the position of it, before and after each strike and transitioning.

In the shadows of each motion of the Abcedario are the movements of the other weapon systems of Pekiti-Tirsia. These are solo baston (single stick – sword), doble (double sticks), daga (knife), espada y daga (sword and knife), and de mano (empty hand)

Solo baston is used through Pekiti. Examples are abcedario, contradas, seguidas, five attacks, and many others. All the attacks of abcedario can be done with two sticks. In basic set, you can do double cuts, or strikes, two hits to the ears, elbows or ribs. If you hold both weapons on one side you can strike high hand to the head and then low hand to the ribs or do both strike simultaneously. In double force, you can reinforce your strikes by hooking one weapon hand over the wrist of the other with the punyo. You can also reinforce the blade of one weapon with the blade of another. In strikes where a thrust and then a butt stroke is called for you can do the thrust with on weapon and follow thru with the butt stroke of the second. Your weapons can also be held in two different grips, one in forward and the other in reverse grip. Your strikes may also be separate; you can hook with one weapon and do a punyo strike with other for example.

When tapping was mention earlier it was pointed out the free hand would be used to bring into play an alternate weapon. In espada y daga that alternate weapon is a knife. Where before you were doing taps with the hand now it is a thrust or slash with a knife. In #2 on the basic set, you would do a cut with your sword to the head followed immediately with a knife thrust. Check, jams, and passes can still be done with a weapon in your hand but now those are followed with the knife.

Each move in the abcedario teaches daga or knife because the sword is merely a longer knife. The grips of daga are sak-sak, blade up, or pakal which is blade down. Thrusts and cuts of sak-sak are easily seen in many moves. Pakal is seen too but some moves can be either or. In reverse grip, the first moves could be thrust with a blade or they can be slashes with the knife held in pakal grip with the blade turned outward. Hooking teaches pakal with every move, punyo can be the either or.

Any movement that can be done with a sword or knife can be done with empty hand aided by wrist and forearm hacks, elbow strikes, and shoulder or head butts. This is de mano. The main differences are how much damage can be done with an edged weapon as to an empty hand. Timing and distance change here because you no longer have the advantage of a longer weapon in your hand. Thrusts now become jabs, cuts may now be hacks, and butts stokes become elbow hits.
If you are willing to spend time to look into each movement of the one hundred forty-four strikes you will see it as something other than just a #1 or #4 or whatever strike. You will learn so much than the obvious.

[Mono]

Great Article! Thanks a Lot!!

Mono